머신러닝/의사 결정 트리
UCI 사이트 human_activity 데이터 셋을 활용한 예측
as_형준
2022. 10. 25. 16:50
결정 트리 예측 정확도
In [1]:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
feature_name_df = pd.read_csv('human_activity/features.txt',sep='\s+',
header=None,names=['column_index','column_name'])
# 피처명 index를 제거하고, 피처명만 리스트 객체로 생성한 뒤 샘플로 10개만 추출
feature_name = feature_name_df.iloc[:, 1].values.tolist()
print('전체 피처명에서 10개만 추출:', feature_name[:10])
전체 피처명에서 10개만 추출: ['tBodyAcc-mean()-X', 'tBodyAcc-mean()-Y', 'tBodyAcc-mean()-Z', 'tBodyAcc-std()-X', 'tBodyAcc-std()-Y', 'tBodyAcc-std()-Z', 'tBodyAcc-mad()-X', 'tBodyAcc-mad()-Y', 'tBodyAcc-mad()-Z', 'tBodyAcc-max()-X']
In [2]:
feature_dup_df = feature_name_df.groupby('column_name').count()
print(feature_dup_df[feature_dup_df['column_index'] > 1].count())
feature_dup_df[feature_dup_df['column_index'] > 1].head()
column_index 42
dtype: int64
Out[2]:
| column_index | |
|---|---|
| column_name | |
| fBodyAcc-bandsEnergy()-1,16 | 3 |
| fBodyAcc-bandsEnergy()-1,24 | 3 |
| fBodyAcc-bandsEnergy()-1,8 | 3 |
| fBodyAcc-bandsEnergy()-17,24 | 3 |
| fBodyAcc-bandsEnergy()-17,32 | 3 |
In [3]:
def get_new_feature_name_df(old_feature_name_df):
feature_dup_df = pd.DataFrame(data=old_feature_name_df.groupby('column_name').cumcount(),
columns=['dup_cnt'])
feature_dup_df = feature_dup_df.reset_index()
new_feature_name_df = pd.merge(old_feature_name_df.reset_index(), feature_dup_df, how='outer')
new_feature_name_df['column_name'] = new_feature_name_df[['column_name', 'dup_cnt']].apply(lambda x : x[0]+'_'+str(x[1])
if x[1] >0 else x[0] , axis=1)
new_feature_name_df = new_feature_name_df.drop(['index'], axis=1)
return new_feature_name_df
In [4]:
import pandas as pd
def get_human_dataset( ):
# 각 데이터 파일들은 공백으로 분리되어 있으므로 read_csv에서 공백 문자를 sep으로 할당.
feature_name_df = pd.read_csv('human_activity/features.txt',sep='\s+',
header=None,names=['column_index','column_name'])
# 중복된 피처명을 수정하는 get_new_feature_name_df()를 이용, 신규 피처명 DataFrame생성.
new_feature_name_df = get_new_feature_name_df(feature_name_df)
# DataFrame에 피처명을 컬럼으로 부여하기 위해 리스트 객체로 다시 변환
feature_name = new_feature_name_df.iloc[:, 1].values.tolist()
# 학습 피처 데이터 셋과 테스트 피처 데이터을 DataFrame으로 로딩. 컬럼명은 feature_name 적용
X_train = pd.read_csv('human_activity/train/X_train.txt',sep='\s+', names=feature_name )
X_test = pd.read_csv('human_activity/test/X_test.txt',sep='\s+', names=feature_name)
# 학습 레이블과 테스트 레이블 데이터을 DataFrame으로 로딩하고 컬럼명은 action으로 부여
y_train = pd.read_csv('human_activity/train/y_train.txt',sep='\s+',header=None,names=['action'])
y_test = pd.read_csv('human_activity/test/y_test.txt',sep='\s+',header=None,names=['action'])
# 로드된 학습/테스트용 DataFrame을 모두 반환
return X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = get_human_dataset()
In [5]:
print('## 학습 피처 데이터셋 info()')
print(X_train.info())
## 학습 피처 데이터셋 info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 7352 entries, 0 to 7351
Columns: 561 entries, tBodyAcc-mean()-X to angle(Z,gravityMean)
dtypes: float64(561)
memory usage: 31.5 MB
None
In [6]:
print(y_train['action'].value_counts())
6 1407
5 1374
4 1286
1 1226
2 1073
3 986
Name: action, dtype: int64
In [7]:
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
# 예제 반복 시 마다 동일한 예측 결과 도출을 위해 random_state 설정
dt_clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(random_state=156)
dt_clf.fit(X_train , y_train)
pred = dt_clf.predict(X_test)
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test , pred)
print('결정 트리 예측 정확도: {0:.4f}'.format(accuracy))
# DecisionTreeClassifier의 하이퍼 파라미터 추출
print('DecisionTreeClassifier 기본 하이퍼 파라미터:\n', dt_clf.get_params())
결정 트리 예측 정확도: 0.8548
DecisionTreeClassifier 기본 하이퍼 파라미터:
{'ccp_alpha': 0.0, 'class_weight': None, 'criterion': 'gini', 'max_depth': None, 'max_features': None, 'max_leaf_nodes': None, 'min_impurity_decrease': 0.0, 'min_samples_leaf': 1, 'min_samples_split': 2, 'min_weight_fraction_leaf': 0.0, 'random_state': 156, 'splitter': 'best'}
In [8]:
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
params = {
'max_depth' : [ 6, 8 ,10, 12, 16 ,20, 24]
}
grid_cv = GridSearchCV(dt_clf, param_grid=params, scoring='accuracy', cv=5, verbose=1 )
grid_cv.fit(X_train , y_train)
print('GridSearchCV 최고 평균 정확도 수치:{0:.4f}'.format(grid_cv.best_score_))
print('GridSearchCV 최적 하이퍼 파라미터:', grid_cv.best_params_)
Fitting 5 folds for each of 7 candidates, totalling 35 fits
GridSearchCV 최고 평균 정확도 수치:0.8513
GridSearchCV 최적 하이퍼 파라미터: {'max_depth': 16}
In [9]:
# GridSearchCV객체의 cv_results_ 속성을 DataFrame으로 생성.
cv_results_df = pd.DataFrame(grid_cv.cv_results_)
# max_depth 파라미터 값과 그때의 테스트(Evaluation)셋, 학습 데이터 셋의 정확도 수치 추출
cv_results_df[['param_max_depth', 'mean_test_score']]
Out[9]:
| param_max_depth | mean_test_score | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 6 | 0.850791 |
| 1 | 8 | 0.851069 |
| 2 | 10 | 0.851209 |
| 3 | 12 | 0.844135 |
| 4 | 16 | 0.851344 |
| 5 | 20 | 0.850800 |
| 6 | 24 | 0.849440 |
In [13]:
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.ensemble import VotingClassifier
from sklearn.linear_model import *
from sklearn.neighbors import *
from sklearn.model_selection import *
from sklearn.datasets import *
from sklearn.metrics import *
cancer = load_breast_cancer()
data_df = pd.DataFrame(cancer.data, columns=cancer.feature_names)
data_df.head()
Out[13]:
| mean radius | mean texture | mean perimeter | mean area | mean smoothness | mean compactness | mean concavity | mean concave points | mean symmetry | mean fractal dimension | ... | worst radius | worst texture | worst perimeter | worst area | worst smoothness | worst compactness | worst concavity | worst concave points | worst symmetry | worst fractal dimension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 17.99 | 10.38 | 122.80 | 1001.0 | 0.11840 | 0.27760 | 0.3001 | 0.14710 | 0.2419 | 0.07871 | ... | 25.38 | 17.33 | 184.60 | 2019.0 | 0.1622 | 0.6656 | 0.7119 | 0.2654 | 0.4601 | 0.11890 |
| 1 | 20.57 | 17.77 | 132.90 | 1326.0 | 0.08474 | 0.07864 | 0.0869 | 0.07017 | 0.1812 | 0.05667 | ... | 24.99 | 23.41 | 158.80 | 1956.0 | 0.1238 | 0.1866 | 0.2416 | 0.1860 | 0.2750 | 0.08902 |
| 2 | 19.69 | 21.25 | 130.00 | 1203.0 | 0.10960 | 0.15990 | 0.1974 | 0.12790 | 0.2069 | 0.05999 | ... | 23.57 | 25.53 | 152.50 | 1709.0 | 0.1444 | 0.4245 | 0.4504 | 0.2430 | 0.3613 | 0.08758 |
| 3 | 11.42 | 20.38 | 77.58 | 386.1 | 0.14250 | 0.28390 | 0.2414 | 0.10520 | 0.2597 | 0.09744 | ... | 14.91 | 26.50 | 98.87 | 567.7 | 0.2098 | 0.8663 | 0.6869 | 0.2575 | 0.6638 | 0.17300 |
| 4 | 20.29 | 14.34 | 135.10 | 1297.0 | 0.10030 | 0.13280 | 0.1980 | 0.10430 | 0.1809 | 0.05883 | ... | 22.54 | 16.67 | 152.20 | 1575.0 | 0.1374 | 0.2050 | 0.4000 | 0.1625 | 0.2364 | 0.07678 |
5 rows × 30 columns
In [21]:
cancer.target
Out[21]:
array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0,
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,
1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1,
1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])In [29]:
Ir_clf = LogisticRegression()
knn_clf=KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=8)
vo_clf =VotingClassifier( estimators=[('LR',Ir_clf),('KNN',knn_clf)], voting='soft' )
X_trian, X_test, y_train ,y_test= train_test_split(cancer.data, cancer.target, test_size=0.2, random_state=156)
vo_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
pred= vo_clf.predict(X_test)
print('Voting 분류기 정확도{0:.4f}'.format(accuracy_score(y_test, pred)))
classifiers= [Ir_clf, knn_clf]
for classifier in classifiers:
classifier.fit(X_train, y_train)
pred=classifier.predict(X_test)
class_name = classifier.__class__.__name__
print('{0} 정확도: {1:.4f}'.format(class_name, accuracy_score(y_test,pred)))
Voting 분류기 정확도0.9474
LogisticRegression 정확도: 0.9386
KNeighborsClassifier 정확도: 0.9386
C:\Users\82105\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\linear_model\_logistic.py:814: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.
Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
n_iter_i = _check_optimize_result(
C:\Users\82105\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\linear_model\_logistic.py:814: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.
Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
n_iter_i = _check_optimize_result(
In [27]:
Ir_clf = LogisticRegression()
knn_clf=KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=8)
vo_clf =VotingClassifier( estimators=[('LR',Ir_clf),('KNN',knn_clf)], voting='soft' )
X_trian, X_test, y_train ,y_test= train_test_split(cancer.data, cancer.target,
test_size=0.2, random_state=156)
#개별 모델은 로지스틱 회귀와 KNN임
lr_clf = LogisticRegression()
knn_clf = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=8)
#개별 모델(로지스틱, knn)모델을 소프트 보팅 기반의 앙상블 모델로 구현한 분류기!!!!
vo_clf = VotingClassifier(estimators=[('LR', lr_clf), ('KNN', knn_clf)], voting='soft')
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(cancer.data, cancer.target, test_size=0.2, random_state=156)
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